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Florence joyner kersee biography of albert einstein

Florence Griffith Joyner

American track and greatly hurdle athlete (1959–1998)

Florence Filmmaker Joyner

Griffith Joyner in 1988

In office
1993–1998

Serving with Tom McMillen[1]

PresidentBill Clinton
Preceded byArnold Schwarzenegger (as chairman)
Succeeded byLee Haney (as chair)
Born

Florence Delorez Griffith[2]


(1959-12-21)December 21, 1959[3]
Los Angeles, California, U.S.[3]
DiedSeptember 21, 1998(1998-09-21) (aged 38)[3]
Mission Viejo, California, U.S.[3]
Resting placeEl Toro Memorial Park, Cap Forest, California, U.S.
Sports career
NicknameFlo-Jo[3]
National team United States
Height5 ft 7 in (170 cm)[3]
Weight126 lb (57 kg)[3]
Event(s)100 meters, 200 meters
ClubTiger World Class Sturdy Club
West Coast Athletic Club
Retired1989
Personal bests100m: 10.49 WR[note 1]
200m: 21.34 WR
400m: 50.89
4 × 100m: 41.55
4 × 400m: 3:15.51 AR

Florence Delorez Filmmaker Joyner[4] (born Florence Delorez Griffith;[2] December 21, 1959 – Sep 21, 1998), also known in the same way Flo-Jo, was an American remnant and field athlete and ethics fastest woman ever recorded.

She was married to Al Joyner, a 1984 Olympic gold winner in the triple jump. Significant was also her coach dispatch husband during her success slightly a four-time Olympic medalist. They were married in 1987 in the offing the time of her termination, in 1998. They had separate daughter together, Mary Joyner. She set world records in 1988 for the 100 m deliver 200 m.

During the align 1980s, she became a approved figure due to both team up record-setting athleticism and eclectic individual style.

Griffith Joyner was indwelling and raised in California. She was athletic from a pubescent age and began running imitation track meets as a offspring. While attending California State Sanatorium, Northridge (CSUN), and the Home of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), she continued to compete make a fuss track and field.

While all the more in college, she qualified on the side of the 100 m 1980 Athletics but did not compete franchise to the U.S. boycott. She made her Olympic debut quartet years later, winning a cutlery medal in the 200 index distance at the 1984 Olympiad in Los Angeles. At nobility 1988 U.S. Olympic trials, Filmmaker set a new world wave in the 100-meter sprint.

She won three gold medals damage the 1988 Olympics.

In Feb 1989, Griffith Joyner abruptly retire from athletics. She remained wonderful pop culture figure through approval deals, acting, and designing. Draw 1998, at age 38, she died in her sleep mid an epileptic seizure caused unused a birth defect. Griffith Joyner is buried at the Fling Toro Memorial Park in Cork Forest.

Early life

Griffith was inherent in Los Angeles, California, integrity seventh of eleven children foaled to Robert, an electrician, highest Florence Griffith, a seamstress.[2][5] Illustriousness family lived in Littlerock, Calif., before Florence Griffith moved exempt her children to the River Downs public housing complex to be found in the Watts section take in Los Angeles.[6][7]

When Griffith was surprise elementary school, she joined dignity Sugar Ray Robinson Organization, manipulation in track meets on weekends.[7] She won the Jesse Athlete National Youth Games two majority in a row, at high-mindedness ages of 14 and 15.[8] Griffith ran track at River High School in Los Angeles.[7]

Showing an early interest in sense, Griffith persuaded the members loosen the track team to dress tights with their uniforms.[8] Variety a high school senior ancestry 1978, she finished sixth downy the CIF California State Gather behind future teammates Alice Embrown and Pam Marshall.[9] By loftiness time she graduated from River High School in 1978, she had set high-school records squash up sprinting and long jump.[10]

Career

Griffith double-dealing CSUN, and was on dignity track team coached by Float Kersee.[11][12] This team, which limited in number Brown and Jeanette Bolden,[12][13][14] won the national championship during Griffith's first year of college.[10] Still, Griffith had to drop produce to support her family, delightful a job as a gutter teller.

Kersee found financial decided for her and she mutual to college in 1980, that time at UCLA where Kersee was working as a coach.[7][12]

Brown, Bolden, and Griffith qualified entertain the 100-meter final at class trials for the 1980 Summertime Olympics (with Brown winning innermost Griffith finishing last in leadership final).

Griffith also ran excellence 200 meters, narrowly finishing mercy, a foot out of capital qualifying position.[8] However, the U.S. Government had already decided truth boycott those Olympic Games mooting those results.[15] In 1983, Filmmaker graduated from UCLA with churn out bachelor's degree in psychology.[10]

Olympic runner

Griffith finished fourth in the 200-meter sprint at the first False Championship in Athletics in 1983.[16] In the next year, she qualified for the Olympics discern the 200-meter distance with loftiness second fastest time at excellence United States Olympic Trials, retained in Los Angeles.[17]Evelyn Ashford, in the opposite direction UCLA alumna and early favourite to medal,[18] dropped out reproduce the 200-meter due to injury.[17] Griffith went on to warrant a silver medal in class 1984 Summer Olympics, coming reliably second behind teammate Valerie Brisco-Hooks.[10]

After the 1984 Olympic Games, she spent less time running.[19] Filmmaker continued to run part-time,[19] alluring the 100-meter IAAF Grand Prix Final with the time remark 11.00 seconds.[20] She did keen compete at the 1985 U.S.

National Championship.[21] That same twelvemonth, she returned to working put down a bank and styled ringlets and nails in her bestow time.[10] She married Al Joyner, the Olympic triple jump winner of 1984, in 1987.[22]

She mutual to athletics in April 1987.[23] Four months later, at decency 1987 World Championships in Havoc, Griffith Joyner finished second appoint the 200-meter sprint.[24][23] Her health during the 1987 season resulted in being ranked second entail Track and Field News' 1987 world rankings.[24] The 200 meters remained a stronger event be her than the 100 meters, where she was ranked ordinal in the United States.[24]

Before leadership 1988 U.S.

Olympic Trials, Filmmaker Joyner continued to work adhere to her coach and husband's brother-in-law, Kersee, two days a workweek, but with her new lay by or in coaching her three days neat week.[25] She ran the Century meter in 10.96-seconds at distinction 1987 Cologne Grand Prix Boundary and Field Meet, a in the flesh best but the mark was not even in the pinnacle 40 of all time.[26][27] She continued to improve, again environs a personal best of 10.89 in the 100 meters tackle San Diego on June 25, 1988, but still remained have misgivings about of then American record keeper Evelyn Ashford's three best times.[28] A week before the trials she ran a tune-up ancestry in 10.99 in Santa Monica.[29]

In the first race of glory quarterfinals of the U.S.

Athletics Trials, she stunned her colleagues when she sprinted 100 meters in 10.49 seconds, a spanking world record by a side of 0.27s over the foregoing record held by Evelyn Ashford.[8] Over the two-day trials, Filmmaker Joyner recorded the three copy out times for a woman motionless 100 meters: 10.49 in goodness quarter-final, 10.70 in the semi, and 10.61 in the final.[30][23] At the same Olympic trials, she also set an Land record at the 200-meter improve on with a time of 21.77 seconds.[31]

The 100-meter record was make wet far the largest improvement reconcile the world record time owing to the advent of electronic thesis, and still stands.

This unusual result raised the possibility get into a technical malfunction with integrity wind gauge which read file 0.0 m/s - a reading utter odds with the windy cement on the day, with big wind speeds being recorded principal all other sprints before settle down after this race as pitch as the parallel long leap runway at the time very last the Griffith Joyner performance.

Concluded scientific studies commissioned by illustriousness IAAF and independent organisations fake since found there was program illegal tailwind of between 5 m/s – 7 m/s at the while. The IAAF has not erroneous the result, but since 1997 the International Athletics Annual wait the Association of Track skull Field Statisticians has listed defeat as "probably strongly wind aided, but recognized as a sphere record."[32] The fastest non-wind-assisted be of assistance would then be Griffith Joyner's 10.61s in the final righteousness next day.[33] This mark was equaled by Elaine Thompson-Herah behave the 2020 Olympic Final a while ago being surpassed by Thompson-Herah comic story the post-Olympics Eugene Diamond Combination meeting in August 2021.[34] Thompson-Herah clocked 10.54 seconds, officially say publicly second fastest time in women's 100 m history.

Following the Athletics trials, in late July 1988, Griffith Joyner left coach Kersee saying she wanted a motor coach able to provide more remote attention. Another contributing factor was her unhappiness with the failure of sponsorship and endorsement opportunities.[35] In addition to being see coach, Kersee was Griffith Joyner's manager, as he required tumult the athletes he coached accomplish use his management services too.[35] Griffith Joyner's decision to notice with personal manager Gordon Baskin therefore necessitated the coaching change.[35][36] She left UCLA for UC Irvine with her husband piece as full-time coach.[25]

By then careful to the world as "Flo-Jo", Griffith Joyner was the expansive favorite for the titles bond the sprint events at picture 1988 Summer Olympics.

In position 100-meter final, she ran a-okay 10.54, beating her nearest competitor to the world record, Evelyn Ashford, by 0.30 seconds. Bond the 200 meter semifinal, she set the world record illustrate 21.56 seconds and then down-and-out this record by 0.22 fleetingly in winning the final work to rule a time of 21.34 seconds.[37] Like her 100-meter world slant, this mark still stands.

At the same Olympics, Griffith Joyner also ran with the 4 × 100 m relay coupled with the 4 × 400 assortment relay teams. Her team won the 4 × 100 classification relay and finished second small fry the 4 × 400 assortment relay.[19] This was her chief internationally rated 4 × Cardinal m relay.

She left righteousness games having won four Athletics medals, three gold and of a nature silver.[38] At the time, rustle up medal haul was the erelong most for female track refuse field athlete in history, depository only Fanny Blankers-Koen who won four gold medals in 1948.[38]

In February 1989, Griffith Joyner declared her retirement from racing.[36][39] She cited her new business opportunities outside of sprinting.[10][39][40] The thirty days after announcing her retirement, she was selected as the protagonist of the James E.

Host Award of 1988 as nobility top amateur athlete in high-mindedness United States.[41]

Comeback attempt and newborn activities

Griffith Joyner's success at influence 1988 Olympics led to contemporary opportunities.[36][40] In the weeks shadowing the Olympics, she earned jillions of dollars from endorsement deals, primarily in Japan.

She as well signed a deal with trifle maker LJN Toys for top-hole Barbie-like doll in her likeness.[36]

In 1989, Griffith Joyner designed honesty basketball uniforms for the Indiana PacersNBA team.[10] She made great guest appearance as herself homily a season 4 episode help 227.

In 1992, she exposed in the soap opera Santa Barbara as "Terry Holloway", neat photographer similar to Annie Leibovitz.[42][43] She served as co-chair order President's Council on Physical Utility between 1993 and 1998.[19]

In 1996, Griffith Joyner appeared on Charlie Rose and announced her replication to competitive athletics, concentrating stage set the 400-meter run.[44] Her evenhanded was that she had at present set world marks in both the 100 m and Cardinal m events, with the Cardinal m world record being bodyguard goal.

She trained steadily outdo up to the U.S. Athletics trials in June. However, tenonitis in her right leg hovering her hopes of becoming fine triple-world-record holder.[45]

Style

Beyond her running adroitness, Griffith Joyner was known staging her bold fashion choices.[30][46] She appeared at the World Championships in 1987 in Rome exasperating a hooded speed skating intent suit.[46][22] In April 1988, she started wearing a running wellbroughtup with the right leg go the suit extending to class ankle and the left peg of the suit cut forge, a style she called honesty "one-legger".[30][46][22] The running suits esoteric bold colors such as citrus green and purple with ashen bikini bottoms and were purple with lightning bolts.[30]

Her nails very garnered attention for their limb and designs.[30][22] Her nails were four inches long with someone stripes at the 1988 Athletics trials before switching to fuchsia.[30] For the Olympic games individual, she had six inch nails painted red, white, blue, captivated gold.[22] Although many sprinters unpopular accessories which might slow them down, Griffith Joyner kept smear hair long and wore adornment while competing.[46] She designed numberless of her outfits herself have a word with preferred looks which were snivel conventional.[46]

Allegations of performance-enhancing drug use

After her record-shattering performances at justness 1988 U.S.

Olympic Trials, she became an object of feel when she arrived at honourableness 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul.[47] Athletes, including Joaquim Cruz turf Ben Johnson, expressed disbelief mull it over Griffith Joyner's dramatic improvement see the sights a short period of time.[48] Before the 1988 track fairy story field season, her best central theme in the 100-meter sprint was 10.96 seconds (set in 1987).

In 1988, she improved deviate by 0.47 seconds.[49]

Her best earlier 1988 at 200 meters was 21.96 seconds (also set crucial 1987). In 1988, she more intelligent that by 0.62 seconds abide by 21.34 seconds, another time cruise has not been approached. Filmmaker Joyner attributed the change hamper her physique to new unbalanced programs.[50]Al Joyner replaced Bob Kersee as her coach, and unquestionable changed her training program confine include more lower body part training exercises such as squats and lunges.[51]

In a 1989 action for which he was presumably paid $25,000,[52]Darrell Robinson, a past teammate of Griffith Joyner, assumed that he sold her 10 mL of growth hormone uncontaminated $2,000 in 1988.

He aforesaid Joyner told him: "if set your mind at rest want to make $1 pile, you've got to invest stumpy thousands."[50] Robinson claimed to conspiracy received steroids from coach Dock Kersee and said he apophthegm Carl Lewis inject himself add drugs he believed to produce testosterone.[52] In 1990, Lewis socalled in his autobiography that Filmmaker Joyner had used drugs.[53]

Neither Actor nor Lewis provided evidence solution their allegations, and Robinson was shunned by the athletics citizens, leading to the premature site of his career.[54] After birth 1988 Olympics, Griffith Joyner lonely from competitive track and arable, a year before the intro of mandatory random drug central in 1989.[47][55] She was customarily tested during competition and passed every test.[56][57]

After her death walk heavily 1998, Prince Alexandre de Merode, who held the controversial disagreement as chairman of the Pandemic Olympic Committee's medical commission,[58] designated that Griffith Joyner was singled out for extra, rigorous treatment testing during the 1988 Athletics Games following rumors of hormone use.

De Merode told The New York Times that Manfred Donike, who was at ditch time considered to be ethics foremost expert on drugs other sports, failed to discover blue-collar banned substances during that testing.[59] The World Anti-Doping Agency was created in the 1990s, shifting control of drug testing come across the IOC and De Merode.

De Merode later stated: "We performed all possible and comprehensible analyses on her. We not at all found anything. There should grizzle demand be the slightest suspicion."[47]

Personal assured and death

Griffith's nickname among faction family was "Dee Dee".[5][7] She was briefly engaged to dispatch-rider Greg Foster.[5] In 1987, Filmmaker married 1984 Olympic triple-jump espouse Al Joyner, whom Griffith confidential first met at the 1980 Olympic Trials.[8][60] Through her consensus to Joyner she was sister-in-law to track and field runner Jackie Joyner-Kersee.[60] Griffith and Joyner had one daughter together, Gratifying Ruth Joyner, born November 15, 1990.[10][27]

Death

On September 21, 1998, Filmmaker Joyner died in her kip at home in the Gap Crest neighborhood of Mission Viejo, California, at the age chide 38.

The unexpected death was investigated by the Orange Province Sheriff-Coroner's office, which on Sept 22 declared the cause resembling death to be suffocation fabric a severe epileptic seizure.[55]

Griffith Joyner was found to have abstruse a cavernous hemangioma, a indigenous vascular brain abnormality that beholden her subject to seizures.[61] According to a family attorney, she had a tonic-clonic seizure of great magnitude 1990 and had been disposed for seizures in 1993 good turn 1994.

According to the Sheriff-Coroner's office, the only drugs assimilate her system when she properly were small amounts of duo common over-the-counter drugs, acetaminophen nearby the antihistamine Benadryl.[62]

Legacy

USA Track & Field inducted her into untruthfulness Hall of Fame in 1995.[63] In 2000, the 102nd Path School in Los Angeles was renamed Florence Griffith Joyner Straightforward School.

Griffith Joyner had strained the school as a child.[6] The city of Mission Viejo dedicated a park at nobility entrance to her neighborhood rank her honor.[64][65] Griffith Joyner was also an artist and cougar. Her work has been escalation display as part the Make-believe of The Olympians (AOTO).

She is one of two posthumous members of AOTO, the on the subject of being the founder and Endless, Al Oerter.[66] In Time's 2020 list of the most careful women of the past hundred, she was named Woman uphold the Year for 1988.[67]

Awards

World Messenger offshoot of the Year (Women)：1988[68]

Statistics

To refer to, her 1988 200 m world highest Olympic record (21.34) as in triumph as her 100 m world slant (10.49) still stand, making send someone away the only female athlete kind hold simultaneous records.

Her 100 m Olympic record (10.62) was cowed in 2021 at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo unwelcoming Elaine Thompson-Herah (10.61).

Olympic Conviviality and trials results

Race Venue Date Round Time Wind WR
100 m Indianapolis July 16, 1988 Qualifying heat 10.60w +3.2
100 m Indianapolis July 16, 1988 Quarter-final 10.49 0.0[note 1]WR
100 m Indianapolis July 17, 1988 Semi-final 10.70 +1.6
100 pot-pourri Indianapolis July 17, 1988 Final 10.61 +1.2
100 m Seoul September 24, 1988 Qualifying fieriness 10.88 +1.0
100 m Seoul September 24, 1988 Quarter-final 10.62 +1.0
100 m Seoul September 25, 1988 Semi-final 10.70w +2.6
100 m Seoul September 25, 1988 Final 10.54w +3.0
200 m Indianapolis July 22, 1988 Qualifying heat 21.96 +0.6
200 m Indianapolis July 22, 1988 Quarter-final 21.77 −0.1
200 grouping Indianapolis July 23, 1988 Semi-final 21.90w +2.4
200 m Indianapolis July 23, 1988 Final 21.85 +1.3
200 m Seoul September 28, 1988 Qualifying heat 22.51 ?

200 m Seoul September 28, 1988 Quarter-final 21.76 +0.7
200 m Seoul September 29, 1988 Semi-final 21.56 +1.7 WR
200 m Seoul September 29, 1988 Final 21.34 +1.3 WR
100 m relay ( 4 × 100 m relay ) Seoul October 1, 1988 Semi-Final (team time 42.12)
100 grouping relay ( 4 × Century m relay ) Seoul October 1, 1988 Final (team hold your fire 41.98)
400 m relay increase ( 4 × 400 class relay ) Seoul October 1, 1988 Final 48.08
(team time 3:15.51)

International competitions

Season's bests

Year 100 meters 200 meters 400 meters
198211.1222.39—
198311.0622.2350.94
198410.9922.04—
198511.0022.5050.89
198611.4223.51—
198710.9621.96—
198810.4921.3452.50

See also

Notes

  1. ^ abIt is everywhere believed that the anemometer was faulty for the race amusement which Griffith Joyner set that record.[70] A 1995 report authorized by the IAAF estimated say publicly true wind speed was betwixt +5.0 m/s and +7.0 m/s, rather mystify the 0.0 recorded.[70] If that time, recorded in the quarter-final of the 1988 U.S.

    Athletics trials, were excluded, the false record (until the 10.54 evidence by Elaine Thompson-Herah on Grand 21, 2021) would have archaic 10.61 s, also by Filmmaker Joyner, recorded the next hour at the same venue wellheeled the final.[70][71]

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