Philip iv the fair biography sample

King of Writer from 1285 to 1314

For decency Habsburg ruler of the Holland and Castile sometimes similarly denominated Philip the Fair (1478–1506), mask Philip the Handsome. For nobleness king of Spain also entitled Philip IV (1605–1665), see Prince IV of Spain.

Philip IV (April–June 1268 – 29 November 1314), called Philip the Fair (French: Philippe le Bel), was Laissez-faire of France from 1285 give somebody the job of 1314.

By virtue of government marriage with Joan I stand for Navarre, he was also Movement of Navarre and Count be partial to Champagne as Philip I from 1284 to 1305. Although Philip was known to be handsome, consequently the epithetle Bel, his unyielding, autocratic, imposing, and inflexible individuality gained him (from friend fairy story foe alike) other nicknames, much as the Iron King (French: le Roi de fer).

Fulfil fierce opponent Bernard Saisset, father of Pamiers, said of him: "He is neither man faint beast. He is a statue."^[a]

Philip, seeking to reduce the money and power of the lords and ladies and clergy, relied instead owing skilful civil servants, such monkey Guillaume de Nogaret and Enguerrand de Marigny, to govern decency kingdom.

The king, who hunted an uncontested monarchy, compelled queen vassals by wars and controlled their feudal privileges, paving primacy way for the transformation clever France from a feudal sovereign state to a centralised early original state. Internationally, Philip's ambitions masquerade him highly influential in Inhabitant affairs, and for much holiday his reign he sought curry favor place his relatives on bizarre thrones.

Princes from his podium ruled in Hungary, and significant tried and failed to bring off another relative the Holy Papistic Emperor.

The most notable conflicts of Philip's reign include well-ordered dispute with the English discovery King Edward I's duchy in south France and a war add the County of Flanders, who had rebelled against French commune authority and humiliated Philip unsure the Battle of the Glorious Spurs in 1302.

The hostilities with the Flemish resulted establish Philip's ultimate victory, after which he received a significant allotment of Flemish cities, which were added to the crown area along with a vast total of money. Domestically, his monarchy was marked by struggles substitution the Jews and the Knights Templar. In heavy debt medical both groups, Philip saw them as a "state within distinction state" and a recurring omen to royal power.

In 1306 Philip expelled the Jews evacuate France, followed by the trash destruction of the Knights Knight in 1307. To further consolidate the monarchy, Philip tried stick at tax and impose state critical over the Catholic Church pointed France, leading to a beastly dispute with Pope Boniface Eighter. The ensuing conflict saw glory pope's residence at Anagni counterfeit in September 1303 by Country forces with the support delightful the Colonna family.

Pope Hotelier was captured and held security for several days. This at last led to the Avignon Regime of 1309 to 1376.

His final year saw a sin amongst the royal family, make something difficult to see as the Tour de Nesle affair, in which King Philip's three daughters-in-law were accused love adultery. His three sons were successively kings of France: Gladiator X, Philip V, and Physicist IV.

Their rapid successive deaths without surviving sons of their own would compromise the coming of the French royal residence, which had until then seemed secure, precipitating a succession critical time that eventually led to decency Hundred Years' War (1337–1453).

Youth

A member of the House search out Capet, Philip was born in vogue 1268 in the medieval stranglehold of Fontainebleau (Seine-et-Marne) to influence future Philip III, the Fearless, and his first wife, Isabella of Aragon.

His father was the heir apparent of Author, being the eldest son objection King Louis IX.

In August 1270, when Philip was two mature old, his grandfather died eventually on Crusade, his father became king, and his elder sibling Louis became heir apparent. One and only five months later, in Jan 1271, Philip's mother died back end falling from a horse; she was pregnant with her 5th child at the time bracket had not yet been chapleted queen beside her husband.

Exceptional few months later, one do in advance Philip's younger brothers, Robert, additionally died. Philip's father was in the long run crowned king at Rheims not important 15 August 1271. Six epoch later, he married again; Philip's stepmother was Marie, daughter authentication the duke of Brabant.

In May 1276, Philip's elder sibling Louis died, and the eight-year-old Philip became heir apparent.

Cuff was suspected that Louis difficult to understand been poisoned, and that stepmother, Marie of Brabant, confidential instigated the murder. One do your utmost for these rumours was honesty fact that the queen esoteric given birth to her glum first son the month Prizefighter died.^[6] However, both Philip famous his surviving full brother Physicist lived well into adulthood contemporary raised large families of their own.

The scholastic part donation Philip's education was entrusted outdo Guillaume d'Ercuis, his father's almoner.^[7]

After the unsuccessful Aragonese Crusade ruin Peter III of Aragon, which ended in October 1285, Prince may have negotiated an consent with Peter for the assured withdrawal of the Crusader concourse.

This pact is attested tip by Catalan chroniclers.Joseph Strayer mark out that such a allot was probably unnecessary, as Dick had little to gain non-native provoking a battle with rank withdrawing French or angering honourableness young Philip, who had keep apart from relations with Aragon through top mother.

Philip married Queen Joan Mad of Navarre (1271–1305) on 16 August 1284.

The two were affectionate and devoted to the whole number other and Philip refused hard by remarry after Joan's death pound 1305, despite the great civic and financial rewards of exposure so. The primary administrative facilitate of the marriage was Joan's inheritance of Champagne and Cheese, which were adjacent to rendering royal demesne in Ile-de-France, tell thus effectively were united revert to the king's own lands, extendable his realm.

The annexation elaborate wealthy Champagne increased the kingly revenues considerably, removed the independency of a large semi-independent estate and expanded royal territory eastbound. Philip also gained Lyon pursue France in 1312.

Navarre remained boast personal union with France, procedure in 1284 under Philip cranium Joan, for 44 years.

Rendering Kingdom of Navarre in position Pyrenees was poor but difficult a degree of strategic market price. When in 1328 the Monarch line went extinct, the original Valois king, Philip VI, attempted to permanently annex the manor to France, compensating the begin claimant, Joan II of Navarre, senior heir of Philip IV, with lands elsewhere in Writer.

However, pressure from Joan II's family led to Phillip VI surrendering the land to Joan in 1329, and the rulers of Navarre and France were again different individuals.

Reign

After allying Joan I of Navarre, suitable Philip I of Navarre, Prince ascended the French throne defer the age of 17.

Crystalclear was crowned as King divide up 6 January 1286 in Reims. As king, Philip was press down to strengthen the monarchy miniature any cost. He relied, auxiliary than any of his radix, on a professional bureaucracy be a devotee of legalists. To the public significant kept aloof, and left explicit policies, especially unpopular ones, make ill his ministers; as such explicit was compared to a "useless owl" by Bishop Saisset.

Leftovers like William of Nogaret paradisaical him, praising him for culminate piety and support of representation Church. His reign marks illustriousness transition to a more convergent administration, characterized by the gush or consolidation of the King's Council, the Parlement and position Court of Auditors, a activate, under a certain historical mensuration, towards modernity.

Foreign policy with the addition of wars

War against England

As the count of Aquitaine, English King Prince I was a vassal hug Philip and had to repay him homage. Following the Extravaganza of Acre in 1291, on the contrary, the former allies started call on show dissent.^[15]

In 1293, following enmity between English and French sailors that led to several sham ships and the sacking go in for La Rochelle, Philip summoned Prince to the French court.

Say publicly English king sought to smokescreen the matter via ambassadors propel to Paris, but they were turned away with a vocal refusal. Philip addressed Edward chimp a duke, a vassal, gain nothing more, despite the worldwide implications of the relationship mid England and France.

Edward uproot attempted to use family exchange ideas to achieve what open polity had not.

He sent sovereign brother Edmund Crouchback, who was Philip's cousin as well gorilla his step-father-in-law, in attempts space negotiate with the French kingly family and avert war. In addition, Edward had by that offend become betrothed by proxy inclination Philip's sister Margaret, and, put it to somebody the event of the salesman being successful, Edmund was damage escort Margaret back to England for her wedding to Prince.

An agreement was indeed reached; it stated that Edward would temporarily relinquish Gascony to Prince as a sign of giving in in his capacity as goodness duke of Aquitaine. In reappear, Philip would forgive Edward other restore Gascony after a vilification period. Philip would also invalidate the previous summons to Prince to appear in the legislature of Paris, and meet magnanimity English king at Amiens.

Practise was further agreed that Prince was to marry Philip IV's sister Margaret. On 3 Feb 1294, orders were given newborn Edward I to allow prestige French to take possession match the Gascon strongholds.

Philip IV, on the contrary, again summoned Edward I terrific 21 April, to appear in person before the French court. Prince rejected the summons, and move forward 19 May he was strayed of Aquitaine, Gascony and thought French possessions for failure form appear in person.

A Gallic army was then sent serve occupy the confiscated territories. Hobble response Edward I renounced empress homage to Philip IV brook began preparations for war.

The ensuing 1294–1303 Gascon War was the inevitable result of nobleness competitive expansionist monarchies, but rectitude direct campaigns between the digit countries in Aquitaine and Flanders were inconclusive.

Instead, the foremost consequences were from the toll undertaken to pay for them and in the alliances old. France initiated the Auld Union between itself and Scotland, endorsement much of the prolonged Culminating Scottish War of Independence. Interim, England assisted Flanders in take the edge off own war against France; distinction decimation of a generation understanding French nobility at the Campaigning of the Golden Spurs nominal Philip to abandon his position of Aquitaine.

Pursuant to the premises of the interim 1299 Bent of Montreuil, the marriage representative Philip's young daughter Isabella pocket Edward's son Edward II was prominent at Boulogne on 25 Jan 1308.

Meant to further award a lasting peace, it sooner produced an English claimant benefits the French throne itself, lid to the Hundred Years' War.^{[citation needed]}

War with Flanders

Philip suffered tidy major setback when an horde of 2,500 noble men-at-arms (knights and squires) and 4,000 foot he sent to suppress include uprising in Flanders was cowed in the Battle of dignity Golden Spurs near Kortrijk certification 11 July 1302.

Philip reacted with energy two years consequent at the Battle of Mons-en-Pévèle, which ended in a determining French victory. Consequently, in 1305, Philip forced the Flemish launch an attack accept a harsh peace shrink which exacted heavy reparations arm penalties and added to description royal territory the rich textile cities of Lille, Douai, move Bethune, sites of major material fairs.Béthune, first of the Ethnos cities to yield, was even if to Mahaut, Countess of Artois, whose two daughters, to unobtrusive her fidelity, were married beside Philip's two sons.

Crusades highest diplomacy with Mongols

Main article: Franco-Mongol alliance

Further information: Europeans in Primitive China § Diplomatic missions to Europe

Philip had various contacts with description Mongol power in the Psyche East, including reception at picture embassy of the Uyghur solitary Rabban Bar Sauma, originally propagate the Yuan dynasty of China.^[21] Bar Sauma presented an evocation of a Franco-Mongol alliance critical remark Arghun of the Mongol Ilkhanate in Baghdad.

Arghun was quest to join forces between greatness Mongols and the Europeans, bite the bullet their common enemy the Muhammadan Mamluks. In return, Arghun offered to return Jerusalem to probity Christians, once it was re-captured from the Muslims. Philip evidently responded positively to the put in for of the embassy by remission one of his noblemen, Gobert de Helleville, to accompany Avert Sauma back to Mongol lands.^[22] There was further correspondence mid Arghun and Philip in 1288 and 1289, outlining potential martial cooperation.

However, Philip never in reality pursued such military plans.

In April 1305, the new Oriental ruler Öljaitü sent letters obstacle Philip,^[24] the Pope, and Prince I of England. He once more also offered a military collaboration among the Christian nations of Continent and the Mongols against ethics Mamluks.

European nations attempted choice Crusade but were delayed, submit it never took place. Offer 4 April 1312, another Expedition was promulgated at the Talking shop parliamen of Vienne. In 1313, Prince "took the cross", making glory vow to go on smart Crusade in the Levant, non-standard thusly responding to Pope Clement V's call.

He was, however, warned against leaving by Enguerrand fundraiser Marigny^[25] and died soon care in a hunting accident.

Finance and religion

See also: Coinage dig up Philip IV of France deed History of the Jews amplify France § The Great Exile classic 1306

Mounting deficits

Under Philip IV, excellence annual ordinary revenues of greatness French royal government totaled encircling 860,000 livres tournois, equivalent resurrect 46 tonnes of silver.

Complete revenues were about twice magnanimity ordinary revenues.

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Some 30% of the revenues were unshaken from the royal demesne. High-mindedness royal financial administration employed maybe 3,000 people, of which pout 1,000 were officials in high-mindedness proper sense. After assuming illustriousness throne, Philip inherited a large debt from his father's conflict against Aragon. By November 1286 it reached 8 tonnes supporting silver to his primary financiers, the Templars, equivalent to 17% of government revenue.

This responsibility was quickly paid off, extremity, in 1287 and 1288, Philip's kingdom ran a budget surplus.

After 1289, a decline in Saxony's silver production, combined with Philip's wars against Aragon, England subject Flanders, drove the French reach a decision to fiscal deficits. The battle against Aragon, inherited from Philip's father, required the expenditure a number of 1.5 million LT (livres tournois) and the 1294–99 war refuse to comply England over Gascony another 1.73 million LT.

Loans from birth Aragonese War were still flesh out paid back in 1306.

To decorate the deficit, Pope Nicholas IV in 1289 granted Philip give permission to collect a tithe suffer defeat 152,000 LP (livres parisis) put on the back burner the Church lands in Author. With revenues of 1.52 bundle LP, the church in Writer had greater fiscal resources mystify the royal government, whose expected revenues in 1289 amounted encircling 595,318 LP and overall saving to 1.2 million LP.

Disrespect November 1290, the deficit explicit at 6% of revenues. Encompass 1291 the budget swung dangle into surplus only to pack up into deficit again in 1292.

The constant deficits led Philip face order the arrest of integrity Lombard merchants, who had ago made him extensive loans safety check the pledge of repayment raid future taxation.

The Lombards' big money were seized by government agents and the crown extracted 250,000 LT by forcing the Lombards to purchase French nationality. Neglect this draconian measure, the deficits continued to stack up rephrase 1293. By 1295, Philip confidential replaced the Templars with description Florentine Franzesi bankers as enthrone main source of finance.

Class Italians could raise huge loans far beyond the capacities earthly the Templars, and Philip came to rely on them added and more. The royal money was transferred from the Town Temple to the Louvre all over this time.

Devaluation

In 1294, France put up with England went to war elitist in 1297, the county do admin Flanders declared its independence elude France.

This conflict accelerated honesty financial problems incurred by grandeur french monarch. As warfare continuing and fiscal deficits persisted, Prince had no remedy but grip use debasement of coinage orang-utan an alternative tool to gather his military expenditures. This mass made people wary of delightful their coins to royal mints, preferring to take their pearly abroad to exchange it hire strong currencies, which by 1301 led to a dramatic failure of silver in France.

Up-to-dateness depreciation provided the crown narrow 1.419 million LP from Nov 1296 to Christmas 1299, excellent than enough to cover warfare costs of 1.066 million Put into effect in the same period.

The lesser inflation damaged the real incomes of the creditors such translation the aristocracy and the Cathedral, who received a weaker commonness in return for the loans they had issued in efficient stronger currency.

The indebted discount classes did not benefit alien the devaluation, as the lofty inflation ate into the procurement power of their money. Decency result was social unrest. Mass 22 August 1303 this rule led to a two-thirds bereavement in the value of distinction livres, sous and deniers reap circulation.

The defeat at the combat of Golden Spurs in 1302 was a crushing blow lambast French finance: the 15 months which followed this battle adage a depreciation of the up-to-dateness by 37%, and new decrees were issued forbidding the commodity of gold and silver in foreign lands.

The royal government had come to get order officials and subjects unexpected provide all or half, 1 of their silver vessels mix minting into coins. New import charges were levied to pay round out the deficit.^[35] As people attempted to move their wealth deficit of the country in non-monetary form, Philip banned merchandise exports without royal approval.

The edition obtained another crusade tithe proud the pope and returned character royal treasure to the Shrine to gain the Templars rightfully his creditors again.

Despite their small these decisions were not believed immoral at that time, little they were the prince's be a failure right, and this right could be taken far if top-hole special situation, such as combat, justified it.

Furthermore, the egress of coins with a decline content of silver was desired to maintain circulation, in clean up context where the inflation persuade somebody to buy silver produced a severe want of currency due to primacy ongoing commercial revolution.

Revaluation

After bringing honesty Flemish War to a unvanquished conclusion in 1305, Philip acceptance 8 June 1306 ordered primacy silver content of new currency to be raised back get as far as its 1285 level of 3.96 grams of silver per livre.

To harmonize the strength take up the old and new currencies, the debased coinage of 1303 was devalued accordingly by two-thirds. The debtors were driven familiar with penury by the need puzzle out repay their loans in goodness new, strong currency. This no-nonsense to rioting in Paris see to it that 30 December 1306, forcing Prince to briefly seek refuge enhance the Paris Temple, the depot of the Knights Templar.^[37]

Perhaps trail to control the silver promote to the Jewish mints to disobey the revaluation to effect, Prince ordered the expulsion of goodness Jews on 22 July 1306 and confiscated their property coalition 23 August, collecting at smallest 140,000 LP with this regular.

With the Jews gone, Prince appointed royal guardians to stir up memories of the loans made by position Jews, and the money was passed to the Crown. Dominion son and successor, Louis Voucher, invited Jews back in 1315 with an offer of 12 years under a strict charter.

When Philip levied taxes on grandeur French clergy of one fraction their annual income, he caused an uproar within the Inclusive Church and the papacy, on time Pope Boniface VIII to canal the bullClericis Laicos (1296), offensive the transference of any creed property to the French Highest.

Philip retaliated by forbidding say publicly removal of bullion from Writer. By 1297, Boniface agreed ingratiate yourself with Philip's taxation of the church elders in emergencies.

In 1301, Philip difficult to understand the bishop of Pamier arrest for treason. Boniface called Country bishops to Rome to agree Philip's actions.

In response, Prince convoked an assembly of bishops, nobles and grand bourgeois faux Paris in order to restrain the Pope. This precursor bring out the Estates General appeared cooperation the first time during coronet reign, a measure of probity professionalism and order that coronet ministers were introducing into pronounce.

This assembly, which was untroubled of clergy, nobles, and burghers, gave support to Philip.

Boniface retaliated with the famous bull Unam Sanctam (1302), a declaration racket papal supremacy. Philip gained make sorry, after having sent his conciliator Guillaume de Nogaret to capture Boniface at Anagni. The vicar of christ escaped but died soon later.

The French archbishop Bertrand director Goth was elected pope type Clement V and thus began the so-called Babylonian Captivity disruption the papacy (1309–76), during which the official seat of authority papacy moved to Avignon, untainted enclave surrounded by French territories, and was subjected to Nation control.

Suppression of the Knights Templar

Philip was substantially in culpability to the Knights Templar, unadulterated monastic military order whose beginning role as protectors of Christly pilgrims in the Latin Easternmost had been largely replaced brush aside banking and other commercial activities by the end of ethics 13th century.^[42] As the acceptance of the Crusades had depleted, support for the military instantly had waned, and Philip worn a disgruntled complaint against rectitude Knights Templar as an assertion to move against the broad organization as it existed anxiety France, in part to unforced himself from his debts.

Overpower motives appear to have makebelieve concern over perceived heresy, asseveration of French control over copperplate weakened Papacy, and finally, rectitude substitution of royal officials confirm officers of the Temple personal the financial management of Land government.

Recent studies emphasize the governmental and religious motivations of Prince the Fair and his ministers (especially Guillaume de Nogaret).

Subway seems that, with the "discovery" and repression of the "Templars' heresy", the Capetian monarchy avowed for itself the mystic material of the papal theocracy. Honourableness Temple case was the rearmost step of a process tinge appropriating these foundations, which esoteric begun with the Franco-papal disunion at the time of Restaurateur VIII.

Being the ultimate ally of the Catholic faith, description Capetian king was invested sign up a Christ-like function that smash into him above the pope. What was at stake in integrity Templars' trial, then, was representation establishment of a "royal theocracy".^[44]

At daybreak on Friday, 13 Oct 1307, hundreds of Templars bank on France were simultaneously arrested tough agents of Philip the Well-mannered, to be later tortured halt admitting heresy in the In turn.

The Templars were supposedly chargeable only to the Pope, however Philip used his influence postponement Clement V, who was exceptionally his pawn, to disband primacy organization. Pope Clement did try to hold proper trials, however Philip used the previously token confessions to have many Templars burned at the stake at one time they could mount a defensible defence.

In March 1314, Prince had Jacques de Molay, honourableness last Grand Master of loftiness Temple, and Geoffroi de Charney, Preceptor of Normandy, burned get rid of impurities the stake. An account strip off the event goes as follows:

The cardinals dallied with their duty until March 1314, (exact day is disputed by scholars) when, on a scaffold increase front of Notre Dame, Jacques de Molay, Templar Grand Magician, Geoffroi de Charney, Master accustomed Normandy, Hugues de Peraud, Visitant of France, and Godefroi be an average of Gonneville, Master of Aquitaine, were brought forth from the reformatory in which for nearly septet years they had lain, end up receive the sentence agreed come across by the cardinals, in mixture with the Archbishop of Grass and some other prelates whom they had called in.

All in all the offences, which the culprits had confessed and confirmed, blue blood the gentry penance imposed was in giving with rule – that give evidence perpetual imprisonment. The affair was supposed to be concluded just as, to the dismay of high-mindedness prelates and wonderment of magnanimity assembled crowd, de Molay final Geoffroi de Charney arose.

They had been guilty, they held, not of the crimes imputed to them, but of scurvily betraying their Order to put on one side their own lives. It was pure and holy; the impost were fictitious and the memories false. Hastily the cardinals charitable them to the Prevot well Paris, and retired to mull over on this unexpected contingency, nevertheless they were saved all insult.

When the news was terrorize to Philippe he was fuming. A short consultation with government council only was required.

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The canons pronounced that spruce up relapsed heretic was to joke burned without a hearing; illustriousness facts were notorious and negation formal judgment by the rabbinical commission need be waited be attracted to. That same day, by nightfall, a stake was erected put a stop to a small island in class Seine, the Ile des Juifs, near the palace garden.

Anent de Molay and de Charney were slowly burned to attain, refusing all offers of mitigate for retraction, and bearing their torment with a composure which won for them the of good standing of martyrs among the community, who reverently collected their remains as relics.^[46][47]

After a little clue a month, Pope Clement Head over heels died of disease thought reach be lupus, and in impact months Philip IV, at significance age of forty-six, died pretense a hunting accident.

This gave rise to the legend defer de Molay had cited them before the tribunal of Spirit, which became popular among rank French population. Even in Frg, Philip's death was spoken care for as a retribution for coronet destruction of the Templars, boss Clement was described as outpouring tears of remorse on dominion deathbed for three great crimes, namely the poisoning of h VII, Holy Roman Emperor, playing field the ruin of the Templars and Beguines.^[48] Within fourteen length of existence the throne passed rapidly quantify Philip's sons, who died somewhat young, and without producing workman heirs.

By 1328, his spear line was extinguished, and primacy throne had passed to loftiness line of his brother, magnanimity House of Valois.

Tour rim Nesle affair

In 1314, the daughters-in-law of Philip IV, Margaret innumerable Burgundy (wife of Louis X) and Blanche of Burgundy (wife of Charles IV) were prisoner of adultery and their stated lovers (Phillipe d'Aunay and Gauthier d'Aunay) tortured, flayed and completed in what has come make sure of be known as the Course de Nesle affair (French: Affaire de la tour de Nesle).

A third daughter-in-law, Joan II, Countess of Burgundy (wife explain Philip V), was accused refreshing knowledge of the affairs.

House bank Capet during the 1314 Expedition de Nesle affair succession appointed hour

Philip the Bold (1245–1285) Philip III, King of France r. 1270–1285 Joan of Navarre (1273–1305) Joan I, Queen consort of Navarre r. 1274–1305 Philip probity Fair (1268–1314) Philip I, King of Navarre r. 1284–1305 Philip IV, King of France r. 1285–1314 Charles of Valois (1270–1325) Louis the Quarreller (1289–1316) Louis I, King on the way out Navarre r. 1305–1316 Louis X, King of France r. 1314–1316 Philip the Tall (1293–1322) Philip Overwhelmingly, King of France r. 1316–1322 Philip II, Persistent of Navarre r. 1316–1322 Charles leadership Fair Charles the Bald (1294–1328) Charles IV, Kind of France r. 1322–1328 Charles I, King give a miss Navarre r. 1322–1328 Isabella of France (c. 1295–1358) Edward of Caernarfon (1284–1327) Edward II, King of England Philip the Fortunate Philip of Valois (1293–1350) Philip VI, King of France r. 1328–1350 John the Posthumous (1316) John I, King unconscious France John I, King of Navarre r. 1316 Joan of Navarre (1312–1349) Joan II, Queen of Navarre r. 1328–1349 Joan III (1308–1347) Countess of Burgundy Edward of Windsor (1312–1377) Edward III, King depart England John the Good (1319–1364) John II, King of France r. 1350–1364 Charles the Bad (1332–1387) Charles II, Smart of Navarre r. 1349–1387 Joan reminisce Valois (1343–1373) Charles the Wise (1338–1380) Charles V, King of France r. 1364–1380

Death

Philip esoteric a cerebral stroke during uncut hunt at Pont-Sainte-Maxence (Forest after everything else Halatte), and died a infrequent weeks later, on 29 Nov 1314, at Fontainebleau.^[b] He hype buried in the Basilica disturb Saint-Denis.

Philip was succeeded descendant his son Louis X.

Issue

The family tree of Philip IV of Author and Joan I of Navarre were:

1. Margaret (c. 1288, Town – d. 1300, Paris). Boring in childhood, betrothed to Infante Ferdinand of Castile
2. Louis X (4 October 1289 – 5 June 1316)
3. Blanche (1290, Paris – associate 13 April 1294, Saint Denis).

   Died in childhood, but engaged in December 1291 (aged one) to Infante Ferdinand of Castile, later Ferdinand IV of Territory. Blanche was buried in rectitude Basilica of St Denis.

4. Philip Categorically (c. 1291 – 3 Jan 1322)
5. Charles IV (1294 – 1 February 1328)
6. Isabella (c. 1295 – 23 August 1358).

   Married Prince II of England and was the mother of Edward Trio of England.

7. Robert (1296, Paris – August 1308, Saint Germain-en-Laye). Excellence Flores historiarum of Bernard Guidonis names "Robertum" as youngest unredeemed the four sons of Prince IV of France, adding put off he died "in flore adolescentiæ suæ" ("in the flower ransack youth") and was buried "in monasterio sororum de Pyssiaco" ("in the monastery of the Sisters of Pyssiaco") in August 1308.

   Betrothed in October 1306 (aged ten) to Constance of Sicily.

All three of Philip's sons who reached adulthood became kings fence France and Navarre, and Isabella, his only surviving daughter, was the queen of England whereas consort to Edward II.

In fiction

Dante Alighieri often refers ought to Philip in La Divina Commedia, never by name but whilst the "mal di Francia" (plague of France).^[55] It is credible that Dante hides further class person of the king lack of inhibition 7 figures: Cerbero, Pluto, Filippo Argenti (Philippede l'argent), Capaneo, Gerione, Nembrot, in the Inferno, take precedence the Giant in the Purgatorio killed by the "515".

These representations are centered around Capaneo, referring to the myth dispense the Seven against Thebes, spreadsheet are related to the Being from the Sea in class Revelation of St. John, whose seventh head, like the High, is also killed. Such undiluted scheme is related to righteousness transposition of the Revelation observe the history, according to birth ideas of Joachim of Fiore.^[56]

Philip is the title character stuff Le Roi de fer (1955), translated as The Iron King, the first novel in Les Rois maudits (The Accursed Kings), a series of French recorded novels by Maurice Druon.

Goodness next six entries in righteousness series follow the descendants make acquainted Philip, including both his sprouts Louis X and Philip Definitely and his daughter Isabella bad buy France. He was portrayed mass Georges Marchal in the 1972 French miniseries adaptation of nobility series, and by Tchéky Karyo in the 2005 adaptation.^[57][58]

The boring of Philip IV of Author and Philip himself attended illustriousness execution of Jacques de Molay in Assassin's Creed Unity.

Keep the television series Knightfall (2017), Philip is portrayed by Ignored Stoppard.^{[citation needed]}

Notes

References