O chandu menon biography of george
Indulekha (novel)
1889 novel by O. Chandu Menon
This article is about skilful social novel in Malayalam. Care for other uses, see Indulekha (disambiguation).
The title page of foremost edition. | |
| Author | O. Chandu Menon |
|---|---|
| Original title | ഇന്ദുലെഖാ |
| Language | Malayalam |
| Genre | Novel |
| Publisher | Author (1889), Helpful & General Book Depot.
Kozhikode (1890) |
Publication date | 9 December 1889 |
| Publication place | India |
| Media type | Print (Paperback) |
| Pages | 498 |
Original text | ഇന്ദുലെഖാ at Internet Archive |
Indulekha is a Malayalam novel dense by O.
Chandu Menon. Publicised in 1889, it was representation first major novel in decency Malayalam language. It was uncluttered landmark in the history carry Malayalam literature and initiated high-mindedness novel as a new flush genre.[1] The novel is in or with regard to a beautiful, well-educated lady discover a Nairtharavad.
Background
The title Indulekha, refers to the prodigy heritage this novel, a beautiful, successfully educated Nair lady of 20 or 22 years.[citation needed]
The contemporary was written at a tightly when there was an rising class of upper caste troops body (mostly Nairs) who received unornamented Western style education, and were achieving prominent positions in Land India.
The period was unadorned clash of cultures, as birth educated Indians were torn halfway Western ideals and traditional The Nambudiri Brahmins of Kerala, traditionally had marital relations process Nair women, known as Sambandham, since only the oldest Nambudiri youth was allowed to spliced a Brahmin girl. The minor sons were encouraged to conspiracy Sambandham with Nair women, display order to maintain male primogeniture, since the children born unapproachable such relations belonged to their mother's family.
The matriarchy perfected by the Nairs was as well coming under attack during that period. Many of the Nambudiri men, though learned in Vedas and Sanskrit, had little grasp of English and Western sciences. The novel highlights the shortage of willingness of the Nambudiris to adapt to the interchange of times, as well introduction the struggle by Nair column to break out of honourableness age-old principle of Sambandham, which had little relevance during grandeur late 19th century.[citation needed]
Chandu Menon has written that he at the start meant Indulekha as a gloss of Benjamin Disraeli's Henrietta Temple (1836), but, having struggled get the subtleties of an exotic culture, he abandoned the enterprise in favour of writing hold up on his own, depicting deft similar story.[citation needed]
Plot summary
Indulekha give something the onceover a graceful Nair girl decree good intelligence and artistic genius.
She is a young roost educated, knowledgeable woman with edification in English and Sanskrit, who is in love with well-ordered young man, Madhavan, the principal advocate of the novel, who legal action also presented in ideal banner as a member of birth newly educated Nair class, moderate from the University of Province. He is dressed in mystery clothes, but at the by a long way time, he has kept unblended long tuft of hair according to the Nair custom.
Nobleness story details how the direct society of those times encourages Namboothiris to start a exchange with Indulekha. Indulekha promptly snubs the old Nambudiri man, on the other hand Madhavan in haste runs gut from the household to Bengal. There he makes a a small amount of good friends. In rank end, he arrives back squeeze is united with Indulekha.
They then leave for Madras, existing day Chennai. The story emphasizes inter-caste marriage.
The old Namboothiri represents the decadence of structure and its polygamous practices.
Monica del carmen biography make it to kidsIndulekha, the novel's thoughtless heroine, dramatizes the resistance relief a progressive Nair woman. She refuses to succumb to nobility oppression of the Namboothiri famous marries Madhavan, who stands fairly large to the social evils be snapped up the period.
Characters
- Indulekha
- Madhavan
- suri nambuthiri
- Lakshmikutti amma - the mother of Indulekha
- Panju menon
2014 research findings
In 2014 Apr, literary critics Dr.
P. Babyish. Rajasekharan and Dr. P. Venugopalan, published a well accepted proof finding in Mathrubhumi Weekly, according to which the available adjustment of the novel is undiluted revised and edited version pattern the original one. According border on the findings, the original innovative which made a strong solicitation for women's empowerment was heartlessly edited and those who publicized the book in later grow older chopped off many such portions.
The last chapter (chapter 20) was the most edited song. Ravi Deecee, publisher, D Adage Books, after corresponding with glory British Library in London choose over two years and feeding through the rare collections look after days have sourced the specific edition to the library, which was made available to greatness respective critics.[2][3][4]
Publication history
The novel was published in 1889 by 'Spectator Achukoodam'.
It went out-of-print delete March 1890 and the above edition was published by 'Kozhikode Educational and General Book Depot' in June 1890. The 51st edition of the novel was published in 1951 by Vidyavardhini Publishers, Trivandrum. The book entered public domain in the Fifties. The first National Book Seat (NBS) edition of the account came in 1955.
Although nobleness previous editions of the whole had variations from the creative the first NBS edition was a completely revised and break off c separate one. They went to excellence extent of removing the total 18th chapter which according calculate noted critic M. P. Saul, had badly affected the permanence of the novel. Other NBS editions however replaced the Ordinal chapter but many other undulations they made still persist all the rage all the available versions exhaustive the book.[3]
Translations
The first English transliteration was by John Willoughby Francis Dumergue, a friend of Inside story.
Chandu Menon who worked style a Malayalam translator to class Madras Government. Another translation unknot the novel under the phone up Crescent Moon by R. Leeladevi was published in 1979. Practised translation by Anitha Devasia was published by Oxford University Subject to in 2005 and included check their Oxford India Paperbacks series.[3]
Adaptations
The first adaptation of the fresh was in 1896; a chuck under the title Indulekha was performed by National Club trim V.
J. T. Hall, Trivandrum. Further performances were held press-gang Madras (1905) and Calicut (1911).[3] In 1967, Kalanilayam Krishnan Nair adapted the novel into systematic film of the same label. The screenplay was written make wet Vaikom Chandrasekharan Nair and probity film starred Krishnan Nair's kid Rajmohan as Madhavan and Sreekala as Indulekha.[3]