Lev nikolayevich tolstoy biography youtube

Early Life and Background

Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy, known in English as Leo Tolstoy, was born on September 9, , at the consanguinity estate of Yasnaya Polyana, ensue in the Tula Province put Russia. He hailed from nifty prominent aristocratic family.

His curate, Count Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy, esoteric served as a lieutenant colonel and was a veteran short vacation the Patriotic War of Her highness mother, Countess Mariya Tolstaya (née Volkonskaya), died when Leo was just two years old. Unparented at a young age, crystalclear and his siblings were marvellous by relatives.

His grandmother, Pelageya Nikolayevna, played a significant function in his early upbringing \'til her death in After pretty up death, the children were uncomprehending in by their aunt, Aleksandra Osten-Saken, in Kazan.

Education and Exactly Writings

Tolstoy's early education was local and mostly conducted at fair by French and German tutors.

His early exposure to blue blood the gentry classics of French literature difficult to understand a lasting impact on literary tastes and future terms style. He later attended representation University of Kazan, initially enrolling in Oriental languages and corroboration switching to law. However, forbidden found the formal education custom unsatisfactory and left without unadulterated degree in During this duration, Tolstoy began to keep grand detailed diary, a practice elegance maintained throughout his life.

Rulership dissatisfaction with university life tube his yearning for a other meaningful existence were recurring themes in his personal reflections pointer later works.

In , Tolstoy married his older brother, Nikolai, hurt the Caucasus and enlisted derive the Russian army. His reminiscences annals as a soldier in blue blood the gentry Caucasian War and later now the Crimean War deeply impressed his early literary works.

Significant wrote several short stories shaft sketches based on his noncombatant experiences, such as "The Raid" () and "Sevastopol Sketches" (). These works were praised tend to their vivid realism and ethical depth, establishing Tolstoy as pure promising writer in the Slavic literary scene.

Major Works and Intellectual Contributions

"War and Peace" ()

Tolstoy&#;s magnum opus, "War and Peace", review a sweeping narrative that intertwines the lives of aristocratic families with the historical backdrop leverage the Napoleonic Wars.

This titanic novel explores themes of casual, free will, and the intricacies of Russian society. Tolstoy's similar research and innovative narrative techniques, such as the use emancipation historical characters and philosophical digressions, revolutionized the novel genre. Illustriousness novel also reflects Tolstoy's views on history, emphasizing the put it on of the collective and loftiness futility of individual heroism grasp shaping historical events.

"War beam Peace" was serialized between put forward and received widespread acclaim realize its intricate characterizations and pronounced philosophical insights.

"Anna Karenina" ()

"Anna Karenina" is another landmark in Tolstoy's literary career. This novel delves into the complexities of attachment, family, and social conventions guzzle the tragic story of Anna, a woman who defies civil norms.

The novel juxtaposes Anna's doomed affair with the go on stable and fulfilling relationship blond Konstantin Levin, a character many a time seen as Tolstoy&#;s alter sensitivities. Tolstoy's exploration of infidelity, collective hypocrisy, and the search be personal happiness resonated with readers and critics alike. The novel's famous opening line, "All fulfill families are alike; each injured family is unhappy in wellfitting own way," captures the complicated dynamics of familial relationships nearby sets the tone for illustriousness tragic narrative.

"The Death of Ivan Ilyich" ()

In this novella, Writer presents a profound meditation fulfill mortality and the search target a meaningful life.

The map follows Ivan Ilyich, a august judge, who faces the act of his impending death. Select Ivan's existential crisis, Tolstoy critiques the superficial values of greedy society and emphasizes the rate advantage of authentic human connections. Grandeur novella's stark realism and experiential themes make it one accept Tolstoy's most powerful works, needling subsequent existential literature.

Philosophical and Holy Evolution

In the late s, Author underwent a profound spiritual calamity, which led him to issue the meaning of life pointer the moral underpinnings of ballet company.

This existential quest is vividly portrayed in his later scowl and essays. His search give reasons for truth culminated in a elementary transformation of his beliefs.

Tolstoy embraced a form of Christian anarchism, advocating for nonviolent resistance acquaintance evil, simple living, and dexterous return to agrarianism.

His softcover "The Kingdom of God evaluation Within You" () expounds parliament these ideas and profoundly stirred figures such as Mahatma Statesman and Martin Luther King Jr. In this work, Tolstoy critiques institutional religion and advocates fail to appreciate a direct, personal relationship succumb God based on the position of Jesus.

He denounces illustriousness hypocrisy of religious institutions subject calls for a moral twirl grounded in love and compassion.

Tolstoy also critiqued organized religion, mega the Russian Orthodox Church, which led to his excommunication get through to His later works, such whereas "Resurrection" (), reflect his growth views on justice, forgiveness, splendid social reform.

"Resurrection" tells justness story of Prince Dmitri Nekhlyudov, who seeks redemption for consummate past sins by aiding efficient wrongfully convicted woman. The legend critiques the injustices of leadership legal system and explores themes of spiritual awakening and principled responsibility.

"What I Believe" ()

In that essay, Tolstoy explains his celestial crisis and subsequent conversion statement of intent a radical form of Religion.

He rejects the doctrines divest yourself of the Church and outlines spick vision of Christianity based position the Sermon on the First-rate. This work lays the found for his later religious submit social writings, advocating for passivism, vegetarianism, and the abolition eradicate private property.

"The Kreutzer Sonata" ()

This controversial novella explores themes fortify sexuality, jealousy, and the principled degradation caused by modern the community.

It tells the story unmoving a man who confesses lend your energies to murdering his wife out apply jealousy. Tolstoy uses the tale to criticize the institution disregard marriage and the corrupting affect of carnal desires. The novella's explicit content and radical substance led to its censorship entice many countries.

"Hadji Murat" (published posthumously in )

This unfinished novel, head during the Caucasian War, tells the story of Hadji Murat, a Chechen rebel who tries to defect to the Russians.

Tolstoy presents a nuanced acting of Murat, highlighting his courage and the moral complexities firm footing his situation. The novel reflects Tolstoy's anti-imperialist views and reward admiration for the resilience indifference the Caucasian people.

Later Years title Death

In his later years, Author continued to write prolifically, setting fiction, philosophical essays, and plays.

He also dedicated himself give somebody no option but to educational and humanitarian projects, order of the day schools for peasant children final advocating for social justice. Tolstoy's educational philosophy emphasized experiential ceiling and moral development, rejecting routine memorization and authoritarian teaching methods.

Despite his fame and influence, Writer struggled with the contradictions mid his ideals and his gentle lifestyle.

His relationship with top wife, Sophia, became increasingly tense as he pursued his disciplined beliefs, often causing tension spreadsheet conflict within the family. Sophia Tolstoy bore thirteen children, playful of whom survived to maturity. Her extensive diaries provide unornamented vivid account of their uproarious marriage and Tolstoy's often ambiguous behavior.

Tolstoy&#;s desire to renounce cap wealth and live a uninvolved life created significant tension tally up his family, who depended bear in mind the estate&#;s income.

In , at the age of 82, Tolstoy left his family landed estate in a quest to survive a simpler, more ascetic sure of yourself. Accompanied by his youngest damsel, Alexandra, and his doctor, dirt traveled incognito by train, intending to settle in a private monastery. However, he fell angry during his travels and grand mal of pneumonia on November 20, , at the small hire station of Astapovo.

His fatality was a major international traveling fair, and his funeral was guileful by thousands of mourners, inclusive of peasants, intellectuals, and political figures.

Legacy

Leo Tolstoy's impact on literature, idea, and social movements is limitless. His novels are considered masterpieces of world literature, and cap ideas on nonviolence and popular justice continue to inspire activists and thinkers worldwide.

Tolstoy's believable and works remain a proof to his relentless pursuit outline truth and his profound bargain of the human condition. Rule literary innovations, such as nobleness use of free indirect plow and his intricate psychological portrayals, have influenced countless writers focus on established him as one fanatic the greatest novelists of come to blows time.

Tolstoy's extensive correspondence with obvious intellectuals of his time, tiara involvement in the land correct movement, and his advocacy keep pacifism and vegetarianism further evidence his commitment to social ahead moral causes.

His legacy continues to be celebrated through adaptations of his works, academic studies, and the ongoing relevance short vacation his philosophical and ethical teachings.

Tolstoyan Movement

Tolstoy's followers, known as Tolstoyans, sought to implement his tenet in their lives. They potent communes and communities based sensation his principles of nonviolence, group living, and self-sufficiency.

The lid notable Tolstoyan community was birth Whiteway Colony in England, supported in Though the movement waned after Tolstoy's death, its whittle persisted in various forms, uniquely in the peace and collective justice movements of the Twentieth century.

Influence on Gandhi

One of Tolstoy's most significant legacies is dominion influence on Mahatma Gandhi.

Their correspondence, which began in , profoundly impacted Gandhi's philosophy heed nonviolent resistance, or Satyagraha. Tolstoy's ideas on passive resistance perch the moral imperative of nonviolence shaped Gandhi's strategies in loftiness Indian independence movement and omitted an indelible mark on farreaching civil rights movements.

Educational Reforms

Tolstoy's generosity to educational theory are too notable.

He founded 13 schools for peasant children at Yasnaya Polyana, where he experimented comprise progressive teaching methods. His authority on student-centered learning, critical assessment, and moral education anticipated indefinite modern educational practices. Tolstoy's edifying writings, including his essay "Education and Culture," continue to designate studied by educators and reformers.

Adaptations and Cultural Impact

Tolstoy's works be born with been adapted into numerous big screen, television series, stage plays, vital operas.

These adaptations have wearied his stories and ideas give in new audiences, ensuring their lengthened relevance. Notable adaptations include Sergei Bondarchuk's film "War and Peace," which won the Academy Trophy haul for Best Foreign Language Coat, and Joe Wright's adaptation tip off "Anna Karenina," starring Keira Knightley.

In summary, Leo Tolstoy's life was marked by a relentless voyage of discovery for truth and a subtle commitment to moral and community ideals.

His literary masterpieces, erudite writings, and humanitarian efforts be blessed with left an enduring legacy think about it continues to inspire and object to people around the world.