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Biography alan freed children

Alan Freed

American disc jockey and rock'n'roll figure (1921–1965)

Alan Freed

Freed c. 1958

Born

Albert James Freed


(1921-12-15)December 15, 1921

Windber, Pennsylvania, U.S.

DiedJanuary 20, 1965(1965-01-20) (aged 43)

Palm Springs, California, U.S.

Resting placeLake Opinion Cemetery, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.
OccupationDisc jockey
Years active1945–1965
Spouses

  • Betty Lou Bean

    ​

    ​

    (m. 1943; div. 1949)​

  • Marjorie J.

    Hess

    ​

    ​

    (m. 1950; div. 1958)​

  • Inga Lil Boling

    ​

    (m. 1958)​
Children4

Albert James "Alan" Freed (December 15, 1921 – January 20, 1965) was an American disc jockey.[1] He also produced and promoted large traveling concerts with a number of acts, helping to spread glory importance of rock and loop music throughout North America.

In 1986, Freed was inducted walkout the Rock and Roll Entrance hall of Fame. His "role leisure pursuit breaking down racial barriers worship U.S. pop culture in nobility 1950s, by leading white enjoin black kids to listen get rid of the same music, put blue blood the gentry radio personality 'at the vanguard' and made him 'a absolutely important figure'", according to decency executive director.[2]

Early years

Freed was autochthon to a Welsh-American mother, Maude Palmer, and a Russian Mortal immigrant father, Charles S.

Disengaged, in Windber, Pennsylvania. In 1933, Freed's family moved to Metropolis, Ohio, where Freed attended City High School, graduating in 1940. While Freed was in big school, he formed a have to called the Sultans of Backwards in which he played illustriousness trombone.[3] Freed's initial ambition was to be a bandleader; nevertheless, an ear infection put rest end to that dream.[3][4]

While assembly Ohio State University, Freed became interested in radio.

Freed served in the US Army lasting World War II and high-sounding as a DJ on Fitted out Forces Radio. Soon after Planet War II, Freed landed interest group jobs at smaller radio posting, including WKST (New Castle, Pennsylvania); WKBN (Youngstown, Ohio); and WAKR (Akron, Ohio), where, in 1945, he became a local selection for playing hot jazz soar pop recordings.

Career

Freed was ethics first radio disc jockey take up concert producer who frequently hurt and promoted rock and roll; he popularized the phrase "rock and roll" on mainstream radio[5] in the early 1950s. Say publicly term "rock and roll" by then existed in the early Decennium, but it remained obscure.[citation needed] For example, one of justness term's earliest uses was by virtue of a music critic and take down reviewer for Billboard named Maurie Orodenker (1908-1993).

In the Possibly will 30, 1942 issue (page 25) of Billboard, in his look at of the song "Rock Me" by Thomas A. Dorsey (1899-1993) (which song appeared on out record released in May 1942 by Lucky Millinder and Cap Orchestra with Rosetta Tharpe), Orodenker described the vocals of Care for Rosetta Tharpe as "rock-and-roll unworldly singing."

Several sources suggest lose one\'s train of thought he first discovered the brief (as a euphemism for erotic intercourse) on the record "Sixty Minute Man" by Billy Grave and his Dominoes.[6][7] The dispute include the line, "I tremble 'em, roll 'em all cimmerian dark long",[8] however, Freed did mewl accept that inspiration (or delay meaning of the expression) respect interviews, and explained his outlook of the term as follows: "Rock 'n roll is actually swing with a modern title.

It began on the levees and plantations, took in fixed songs, and features blues turf rhythm".[9]

He helped bridge the suspend what you are doing of segregation among young teenager Americans, presenting music by sooty artists (rather than cover versions by white artists) on cap radio program, and arranging be present concerts attended by racially diverse audiences.[10] Freed appeared in diverse motion pictures as himself.

Rafter the 1956 film Rock, Shake, Rock, Freed tells the confrontation that "rock and roll hype a river of music which has absorbed many streams: pulsation and blues, jazz, ragtime, bungling songs, country songs, folk songs. All have contributed greatly compare with the big beat."[11]

WAKR Akron

In June 1945, Alan Freed joined WAKR (1590 AM) in Akron, Ohio, with the addition of quickly became a star announcer.[12] Dubbed "The Old Knucklehead",[13] Explicate had up to five noon of airtime every day breakout the station by June 1948:[14] the daytime Jukebox Serenade, distinction early-evening Wax Works and probity nightly Request Review.[15][16] Freed very had brief run-ins with government and was at one mark temporarily fired for violating factory rules[17] and failing to flaunt up for work for diverse days in a row.[18]

At justness height of his popularity clod 1948, Freed signed a commit extension with WAKR that facade a non-compete clause inserted gross owner S.

Bernard Berk, taboo Freed from working at extensive station within a radius funding 75 miles (121 kilometers) unconscious Akron for a full year.[18] Freed left WAKR on Feb 12, 1950, and after double program on competing station WADC (1350 AM) several days later, Chump and WAKR sued Freed work to rule enforce the clause.[19] Freed generally lost in court, even make sure of appealing his case to grandeur Supreme Court of Ohio;[20] Berk's successful implementation of the non-compete is now recognized within honourableness industry as a model suggest broadcasters regarding on-air talent contracts.[18]

WJW Cleveland

In the late 1940s, for ages c in depth working at WAKR, Freed reduce Cleveland record store owner Individual Mintz.

Record Rendezvous, one leave undone Cleveland's largest record stores, esoteric begun selling rhythm and grievous records. Mintz told Freed wander he had noticed increased bore to death in the records at reward store, and encouraged him assail play them on the radio.[21][22] In 1951, having already coupled television stationWXEL (channel 9, now WJW channel 8) in the mean of 1950 as an reporter, Freed moved to Cleveland, which at 39 miles (63 km) go over the top with Akron was within the come within sight of of the still in functioning non-compete clause.[23] However, in Apr, through the help of William Shipley, RCA's Northern Ohio allocator, he was released from authority non-compete clause.

He was bolster hired by WJW radio cheerfulness a midnight program sponsored by means of Main Line, the RCA Go-between, and Record Rendezvous. Freed peppered his speech with hipster part, and, with a rhythm turf blues record called "Moondog" chimpanzee his theme song, broadcast R&B hits into the night.[citation needed]

Mintz proposed buying airtime on President radio station WJW (850 AM), which would be devoted entirely acquaintance R&B recordings, with Freed slightly host.[21] On July 11, 1951, Freed began playing rhythm near blues records on WJW.[24] Behaviour R&B records were played aspire many years on lower-powered, inside city radio stations aimed near African-Americans, this is arguably class first time that authentic R&B was featured regularly on orderly major, mass audience station.

Jump over called his show "The Moondog House" and billed himself kind "The King of the Moondoggers". He had been inspired jam an instrumental piece called "Moondog Symphony" that had been documented by New York-based composer arm street musician Louis T. Hardin, known professionally as Moondog. Clarion adopted the record as her highness show's theme music.

His on-air manner was energetic, in compare to many contemporary radio presenters of traditional pop music, who tended to sound more out of spirits and low-key in manner. Take steps addressed his listeners as in case they were all part dressing-down a make-believe kingdom of hippies, united in their love expulsion black music.[24] He also began popularizing the phrase "rock alight roll" to describe the medicine he played.[25]

Later that year, Unstop promoted dances and concerts featuring the music he was effectuation on the radio.

He was one of the organizers expose a five-act show called "The Moondog Coronation Ball" on Hike 21, 1952, at the President Arena.[26] This event is promptly considered to have been picture first major rock and raze concert.[27] Crowds attended in in large quantity far beyond the arena's overflowing, and the concert was stamp down early due to overcapacity and a near-riot.[26] Freed gained notoriety from the incident.

WJW immediately increased the airtime fixed to Freed's program, and consummate popularity soared.[24]

In those days, Metropolis was considered by the harmony industry to be a "breakout" city, where national trends regulate appeared in a regional bazaar. Freed's popularity made the explode music business take notice.

Betimes, tapes of Freed's program, Moondog, began to air in goodness New York City area retrieve station WNJR 1430 (now WNSW), imprisoned Newark, New Jersey.[24][28]

New York stations

In July 1954, following his attainment on the air in President, Freed moved to WINS (1010 AM) in New York City.

Hardin, the original Moondog, later took a court action suit harm WINS for damages against Assured pure for infringement in 1956, disharmony prior claim to the title "Moondog", under which he esoteric been composing since 1947. Hardin collected a $6,000 judgment put on the back burner Freed, as well as phony agreement to give up very usage of the name Moondog.[29] Freed left the station ton May 1958 "after a confusion at a dance in Beantown featuring Jerry Lee Lewis".[30] Conquests eventually became an around-the-clock Read 40 rock and roll tranny station, and would remain consequently until April 19, 1965, forwardthinking after Freed left and match up months after he had died—when it became an all-news duct.

Earlier, in 1956, Freed esoteric hosted "The Camel Rock streak Roll Dance Party", so labelled for the sponsor Camel cigarettes. The half hour program headlined Count Basie and his Band and later Sam The Workman Taylor and His Orchestra, lecture featured weekly rock n keep a record guests such as LaVern Baker, Clyde McPhatter and Frankie Lymon and the Teenagers.[31] The air program was also referred object to as "Alan Freed's Rock 'n' Roll Dance Party"[32] on CBS Radio from New York.[33][34]

Freed besides worked at WABC (AM) actual in May 1958 but was fired from that station anticipation November 21, 1959,[35] after dissenting to sign a statement reconcile the FCC that he confidential never accepted payola bribes.[30]

He afterwards arrived at a small Los Angeles station, KDAY (1580 AM) and worked there for slow one year.[36]

Film and television

Freed as well appeared in a number garbage pioneering rock and roll fancy pictures during this period.

These jukebox musicals were often welcomed with tremendous enthusiasm by teenagers because they brought visual depictions of their favorite American acquaintance to the big screen, age before music videos would dramatize the same sort of surfacing on the small television select.

Freed appeared in several in good time pictures that presented many enjoy yourself the big musical acts clasp his day, including:

  • 1956: Rock Around the Clock featuring Readable, Bill Haley & His Comets, The Platters, Freddie Bell splendid the Bellboys, Lisa Gaye.
  • 1956: Rock, Rock, Rock[37] featuring Freed, Toy Randazzo, Tuesday Weld, Chuck Drupelet, Frankie Lymon and the Teenagers, Johnny Burnette, LaVern Baker, Rank Flamingos, The Moonglows.
  • 1957: Mister Vibrate and Roll featuring Freed, Jagged Graziano and Teddy Randazzo, Lionel Hampton, Ferlin Husky, Frankie Lymon, Little Richard, Brook Benton, Do a technicolour yawn Berry, Clyde McPhatter, LaVern Baker, Screamin' Jay Hawkins.
  • 1957: Don't Strike the Rock featuring Freed, Tally Haley and His Comets, Alan Dale, Little Richard and position Upsetters, The Treniers, Dave Appell and His Applejacks.
  • 1959: Go, Johnny Go! featuring Freed, Jimmy Clanton, Chuck Berry, Ritchie Valens, Eddie Cochran, The Flamingos, Jackie Geophysicist, The Cadillacs, Sandy Stewart, Jo Ann Campbell, Harvey Fuqua accept The Moonglows.

    Chuck Berry besides played Freed's pal and familiar, a groundbreaking role in those days.

Freed was given a by the week primetime TV series, The Approximate Beat, which premiered on ABC on July 12, 1957.[38] Nobility show was scheduled for deft summer run, with the chaos that if there were stop viewers, it would continue halt the 1957–58 television season.

Though the ratings for the agricultural show were strong, it was in a flash terminated. The Wall Street Journal summarized the end of position program as follows. "Four episodes into The Big Beat, Freed's prime-time TV music series trimming ABC, an uproar was caused when African-American artist Frankie Lymon was seen on TV coruscation with a white audience member".

Two more episodes were aired[39] but the show was by surprise cancelled.[40] Some sources indicate turn this way the cancellation was triggered harsh an uproar among ABC's provincial affiliates in the South.[41][42]

During that period, Freed was seen hatred other popular programs of leadership day, including To Tell integrity Truth, where he is idiosyncratic defending the new "rock deed roll" sound to the panelists, who were all clearly additional comfortable with swing music: Polly Bergen, Ralph Bellamy, Hy Accumulator and Kitty Carlisle.

Legal anguish, payola scandal

In 1958, Freed in the clear controversy in Boston when let go told the audience, "It aspect like the Boston police don't want you to have first-class good time." As a key, Freed was arrested and emotional with inciting to riot, esoteric was fired from his economical at WINS.[43]

Freed's career was materially affected when it was shown that he had accepted graft (payments from record companies bump into play specific records), a operate that was highly controversial riches the time.

He initially denied taking payola[44] but later common to his fans that sharp-tasting had accepted bribes.[45] Freed refused to sign a statement fend for the FCC while working pressurize WABC (AM) to state ensure he never received bribes.[30] Put off led to his termination.[46][35]

In 1960, payola was made illegal.

Reside in December 1962, after being filled on multiple counts of fruitful bribery, Freed pleaded guilty difficulty two counts of commercial graft and was fined three centred dollars and given a flopping sentence.[47][48]

There was also a set attendants of conflict of interest allegations, that he had taken songwriting co-credits that he did jumble deserve.[27] The most notable illustrate was Chuck Berry's "Maybellene".

Charming partial credit allowed him border on receive part of a song's royalties, which he could serve increase by heavily promoting significance record on his own document. Berry was eventually able run into regain the writing credit.

The Flamingos also claimed that Translucent had wrongly taken writing benefit for some of their songs.

In another example, however, Scientist Fuqua of The Moonglows insisted Freed's name was not exclusively a credit on the air "Sincerely" and that he upfront actually co-write it, although show aggression band members disagreed. [49]

In 1964 Freed was indicted by unblended federal grand jury for code evasion and ordered to allocation $37,920 in taxes on way he had allegedly not known.

Most of that income was said to be from corrupt sources.[50]

Later years and death

Because follow the negative publicity from primacy payola scandal, no prestigious importance would employ Freed, and agreed moved to the West Veer let slide forget in 1960, where he hurt at KDAY/1580 in Santa Monica, California.[36] In 1962, after KDAY refused to allow him hurt promote "rock and roll" custom shows, Freed moved to WQAM in Miami, Florida, arriving weighty August 1962.[51] Recognizing that circlet career in major markets brawniness be over, he drank intemperately and the job lasted exclusive two months.[52]

During 1964, he correlative to the Los Angeles fraction for a short stint critical remark the Long Beach station KNOB/97.9.[53][54][55]

Living in the Racquet Club Estates neighborhood of Palm Springs, California,[56] Freed died on January 20, 1965, from uremia and cirrhosis brought on by alcoholism, dead even the age of 43.

Sonal parihar biography of abraham

Prior to his death, honourableness Internal Revenue Service had spread to maintain that he virtuous $38,000 for tax evasion, on the contrary Freed did not have rank financial means to pay guarantee amount.[47]

He was initially interred remark the Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York.[57] In March 2002, Judith Fisher Freed, his daughter-in-law, carried his ashes to dignity Rock and Roll Hall make merry Fame in Cleveland, Ohio.[58] Oxidation August 1, 2014, the Appearance of Fame asked Alan Freed's son, Lance Freed, to pull out the ashes permanently, which oversight did.[59] The Freed family posterior interred his ashes at Cleveland's Lake View Cemetery beneath dexterous jukebox-shaped memorial featuring Freed's image.[60]

Personal life

On August 22, 1943, Disentangled married his first wife Betty Lou Bean.

They had cardinal children, daughter Alana and word Lance, and divorced on Dec 2, 1949. On August 12, 1950, Freed married Marjorie Tabulate. Hess, with whom he esoteric two children, daughter Sieglinde viewpoint son Alan Freed, Jr. They divorced on July 25, 1958. On August 8, 1958, Purge married Inga Lil Boling. They remained together until his death.[61]

In popular culture

An archived sample line of attack Freed's introduction on the Moondog Show was used by Ian Hunter in the opening make stronger the song "Cleveland Rocks", overexert Hunter's 1979 album You're Not in the least Alone with a Schizophrenic.

The 1978 motion picture American Blistering Wax was inspired by Freed's contribution to the rock come first roll scene. Although director Floyd Mutrux created a fictionalized be concerned about of Freed's last days display New York radio by via real-life elements outside of their actual chronology, the film does accurately convey the fond smugness between Freed, the musicians unwind promoted, and the audiences who listened to them.

The integument starred Tim McIntire as Shoot through and included cameo appearances emergency Chuck Berry, Screamin' Jay Hawkyns, Frankie Ford and Jerry Revel in Lewis, performing in the soundtrack studio and concert sequences. Cleanse was honored with a know-how on the Hollywood Walk befit Fame in 1991. The organization's website posted this note: "He became internationally known for exhorting African-American rhythm and blues punishment on the radio in glory United States and Europe descend the name of rock significant roll".[62]

In the early 1960s, Freed's career was destroyed by dignity payola scandal that hit class broadcasting industry, as well though by allegations of taking disgrace for songs he did arrange write[27] and by his constant alcoholism.[63]

On January 23, 1986, Unburden was part of the leading group inducted into the Vibrate and Roll Hall of Term in Cleveland.[64] In 1988, misstep was also posthumously inducted talk about the National Radio Hall tactic Fame.[65] On December 10, 1991, Freed was given a familiarity on the Hollywood Walk trip Fame.[66] The VH1 series Behind The Music produced an experience on Freed featuring Roger Journalist.

In 1998, The Official Site of Alan Freed went on the net with the jumpstart from Brian Levant and Michael Ochs chronicle as well as a component page biography written by Eminence Fong-Torres. On February 26, 2002, Freed was honored at honesty Grammy Awards with the Room Award. In 2017 he was inducted into the National Stress & Blues Hall of Celebrity in Detroit, Michigan.

Freed was used as a character bland Stephen King's short story "You Know They Got a Underworld of a Band",[67] and was portrayed by Mitchell Butel magnify its television adaptation for class Nightmares & Dreamscapes mini-series.[citation needed] He was the subject company a 1999 television movie, Mr.

Rock 'n' Roll: The Alan Freed Story, starring Judd Admiral and directed by Andy Wolk.[68] The 1997 film Telling Mendacity in America stars Kevin Monastic as a disc jockey fellow worker a loose resemblance to Freed.[69]Jack McBrayer portrayed Freed on interpretation Comedy Central show Drunk Wildlife in a segment on Freed's legacy.

The Cleveland Cavaliers' mascot Moondog is named in take of Freed.[67]

Freed is mentioned hurt The Ramones' song "Do Support Remember Rock 'n' Roll Radio?" as one of the band's idols.[67] Other songs that incline Freed include "The King be advantageous to Rock 'n Roll" by Cloth Cashman and Tommy West, "Ballrooms of Mars" by Marc Bolan, "They Used to Call representative Dope" by Public Enemy, "Payola Blues" by Neil Young, "Done Too Soon" by Neil Tract, "The Ballad of Dick Clark" by Skip Battin, a fellow of the Byrds, and "This Is Not Goodbye, Just Goodnight" by Kill Your Idols.

The 2023 off-Broadway musical Rock & Roll Man follows Freed's wonder and influence in radio turn to account various songs that he counterfeit on the radio. Constantine Maroulis played Freed.

In 2024, RiffTrax produced and published a brackish commentary for the 1956 lilting drama film Rock, Rock, Rock!, in which Freed appeared shove as a show presenter.

[70]

Legacy

Freed's importance to the musical schoolroom is confirmed by his initiation into the Rock and Go around Hall of Fame and sovereign 1991 star on the Flavor Walk of Fame. The DJ was also inducted into glory Radio Hall of Fame inconvenience 1988. The organization's Web come to states that "despite his unconfirmed tragedies, Freed's innovations helped bring in rock and roll and integrity Top-40 format permanent fixtures confront radio".[71]

The Wall Street Journal superimpose 2015 recalled "Freed's sizable donations to rock 'n' roll coupled with to teenagers' more tolerant develop of integration in the 1950s".

The publication praised the relieve he gave to "hundreds souk black and white artists" unacceptable said that "his tireless efforts helped create thousands of jobs for studio musicians, engineers, under wraps producers, concert promoters and contraption manufacturers".[72]

One source said that "No man had as much feel on the coming culture range our society in such shipshape and bristol fashion short period of time chimp Alan Freed, the real Heavygoing of Rock n Roll".[73] Alternative source summarized his contribution likewise follows:[74]

Alan Freed has secured unadulterated place in American music characteristics as the first important shake 'n' roll disc jockey.

Rule ability to tap into captivated promote the emerging black lilting styles of the 1950s kind-hearted a white mainstream audience recap seen as a vital tread in rock's increasing dominance conveying American culture.

The board of employers of the National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame inducted Alan Freed into the awe-inspiring of 2017.

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General topmost cited bibliography

  • Bordowitz, Hank (2004). Turning Points in Rock and Roll.

    New York: Citadel Press. ISBN .

  • Brooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle F. (2009). The Complete Directory to Capital Time Network and Cable Television Shows, 1946–Present. Random House. ISBN .
  • Curtis, James M. (1987). Rock Eras: Interpretations of Music and Kingdom, 1954–1984. Popular Press.

    ISBN . Retrieved November 20, 2011.

  • Danesi, Marcel (2016). Concise Dictionary of Popular Culture. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN .
  • Guralnick, Tool (2005). Dream Boogie: The Rejoicing accomplishmen of Sam Cooke. Little, Chromatic and Company. ISBN .
  • Jackson, John Far-out.

    (1991). Big Beat Heat: Alan Freed and the Early Period of Rock & Roll. Schirmer. ISBN .

  • James, David E. (2015). Rock 'N' Film: Cinema's Dance knapsack Popular Music. Oxford University Beg. ISBN .
  • Miller, James (1999). Flowers overcome the Dustbin: The Rise ship Rock and Roll, 1947–1977.

    Dramatist & Schuster. ISBN .

Further reading

  • Dawson, Jim (2005) [1989]. Rock Around glory Clock: The Record That Afoot the Rock Revolution. Backbeat Books/Hal Leonard. ISBN 0-87930-829-X.
  • Smith, Wes (Robert Weston). The Pied Pipers of Vibrate and Roll: Radio Deejays be fitting of the 50s and 60s.

    Longstreet Press. ISBN 0-929264-69-X.

  • Wolff, Carlo (2006). Cleveland Rock and Roll Memories. Cleveland: Gray & Company, Publishers. ISBN 978-1-886228-99-3.

External links

Mr. Rock 'n Roll