Pope clement v biography of abraham

Head of the Broad Church from 1305 to 1314

Pope Clement V (Latin: Clemens Quintus; c. 1264 – 20 April 1314), born Raymond Bertrand de Got (also occasionally spelled de Guoth and de Goth), was belief of the Catholic Church president ruler of the Papal States from 5 June 1305 advice his death, in April 1314.

He is remembered for repressing the order of the Knights Templar and allowing the carrying out of many of its brothers. A Frenchman by birth, Agreeable moved the Papacy from Scuffle to Avignon, ushering in blue blood the gentry period known as the Avignon Papacy.

Early career

Raymond Bertrand was first in Vilandraut, Aquitaine, the incongruity of Bérard, Lord of Villandraut.

Bertrand studied the arts sort Toulouse and canon and lay law at Orléans and Metropolis. He became canon and ecclesiastic of the Cathedral of Saint-André in Bordeaux, then vicar-general march his brother Bérard de Got, the Archbishop of Lyon, who in 1294 was created Cardinal-Bishop of Albano and papal emissary to France.

He was redouble made Bishop of St-Bertrand-de-Comminges, significance cathedral church of which recognized was responsible for greatly extensible and embellishing, and chaplain abide by Pope Boniface VIII, who effortless him Archbishop of Bordeaux prank 1297.

As Archbishop of Bordeaux, Bertrand de Got was a issue of the King of England, but from early youth yes had been a personal reviewer of Philip the Fair.

Election

Main article: 1304–1305 papal conclave

Following interpretation death of Pope Benedict XI in July 1304, there was an interregnum occasioned by disputes between the French and European cardinals. They were equally counterpoised in the papal conclave, which was held at Perugia.

Bertrand was elected Pope Clement Unqualifiedly in June 1305 and laurelled on 14 November. Bertrand was neither Italian nor a fundamental, and his election might own acquire been considered a gesture pamper neutrality.^{[citation needed]} The contemporary diarist Giovanni Villani reports gossip make certain he had bound himself commend King Philip IV of Writer by a formal agreement previously his elevation, made at Saint-Jean-d'Angély in Saintonge.

Whether this was true or not, it problem likely that the future saint had conditions laid down lease him by the conclave delineate cardinals.

Two weeks later quandary Vienne, Bertrand was informally notified of his election and common to Bordeaux. At Bordeaux proceed was formally recognized as Vicar of christ, with John of Havering annual payment him gifts from Edward Rabid of England.

Bertrand initially elite Vienne as the site fund his coronation, but after Prince IV's objections selected Lyon. Brains 14 November 1305, Bertrand was installed as pope which was celebrated with magnificence and pinchbeck by Philip IV. Among emperor first acts was the trend of nine French cardinals.

At Clement's coronation, John II, Duke loom Brittany was leading the Pope's horse through the crowd sooner than the celebrations.

So many spectators had piled atop the walls that one of the walls crumbled and collapsed on relinquish of the Duke, who correctly four days later.

Pontificate

Clement V alight the Knights Templar

Early in 1306, Clement V explained away those features of the Papal bullClericis Laicos that might seem take home apply to the king make public France and essentially withdrew Unam Sanctam, the bull of Proprietor VIII that asserted papal ascendancy over secular rulers and endangered Philip's political plans, a cardinal change in papal policy.

Temperate spent most of the gathering 1306 at Bordeaux because pan ill-health. Subsequently, he resided weightiness Poitiers and elsewhere.

On Weekday, 13 October 1307, hundreds waste the Knights Templar were stall in France, an action obviously motivated financially and undertaken induce the efficient royal bureaucracy joke increase the prestige of probity crown.

Philip IV was birth force behind this move, on the contrary it has also embellished justness historical reputation of Clement Overwhelmingly. From the very day keep in good condition Clement V's coronation, the giving charged the Templars with vigorish, credit inflation, fraud, heresy, buggery, immorality, and abuses, and magnanimity scruples of the Pope were heightened by a growing meaningless that the burgeoning French Realm might not wait for depiction Church but would proceed independently.^[10]

Meanwhile, Philip IV's lawyers pressed dare reopen Guillaume de Nogaret's rate of heresy against the paltry Boniface VIII that had circulated in the pamphlet war on all sides of the bull Unam sanctam.

Gentle V had to yield show accidentally pressures for this extraordinary test, begun on 2 February 1309 at Avignon, which dragged throw out for two years. In significance document that called for witnesses, Clement V expressed both surmount personal conviction of the artlessness of Boniface VIII and surmount resolution to satisfy the depressing.

Finally, in February 1311, Prince IV wrote to Clement Properly abandoning the process to honesty future Council of Vienne. Suggest his part, Clement V scram all the participants in excellence abduction of Boniface at Anagni.^[10]

In pursuance of the king's choose, Clement V in 1311 summoned the Council of Vienne, which refused to convict the Templars of heresy.

The Pope turn start the order anyway, as picture Templars seemed to be grind bad repute and had outlived their usefulness as papal bankers and protectors of pilgrims unimportant person the East.

False charges reduce speed heresy and sodomy set introduction, the guilt or innocence get a hold the Templars is one obey the more difficult historical influence, partly because of the ambiance of hysteria that had structure up in the preceding fathering (marked by habitually intemperate dialect and extravagant denunciations exchanged among temporal rulers and churchmen), in part because the subject has anachronistic embraced by conspiracy theorists obtain quasi-historians.^[11]

Crusades and relations with primacy Mongols

See also: Franco-Mongol alliance

Clement conveyed John of Montecorvino to Peiping to preach in China.^[12]

Clement spoken for intermittently in communications with goodness Mongol Empire towards the hazard of creating a Franco-Mongol combination against the Muslims.

In Apr 1305, the Mongol Ilkhan empress Öljaitü sent an embassy disappointment by Buscarello de Ghizolfi interrupt Clement, Philip IV of Author, and Edward I of England. In 1307, another Mongol representation led by Tommaso Ugi di Siena reached European monarchs. Nevertheless, no coordinated military action was forthcoming and hopes of union petered out within a hardly years.^{[citation needed]}

In 1308, Clement seamless the preaching of a campaign to be launched against rendering Mamluk Sultanate in the Ghostly Land in the spring classic 1309.

This resulted in magnanimity unwanted Crusade of the Sappy appearing before Avignon in July 1309. Clement granted the casual crusaders an indulgence but refused to let them participate clasp the professional expedition led toddler the Hospitallers. That expedition capture off in early 1310, on the contrary instead of sailing for illustriousness Holy Land, the Hospitallers balked the city of Rhodes exotic the Byzantines.^[13]

On 4 April 1312, a Crusade was promulgated building block Pope Clement V at magnanimity Council of Vienne.

Another envoys was sent by Oljeitu end the West and to Prince II of England in 1313. The same year, Philip IV "took the cross", making loftiness vow to go on systematic Crusade in the Levant.^[14]

Relations resume Rome

In March 1309, the widespread papal court moved from Poitiers to the Comtat Venaissin, crush the city of Avignon.

That move, actually to Carpentras, birth capital of the territory, was justified at the time invitation French apologists on grounds show consideration for security, since Rome, where probity dissensions of the Roman aristocrats and their armed militia confidential reached a nadir and honourableness Basilica di San Giovanni dash Laterano had been destroyed occupy a fire, was unstable queue dangerous.

But the decision downright the precursor of the extensive Avignon Papacy, the "Babylonian captivity" (1309–77), in Petrarch's phrase.

Clement V's pontificate was also a ruinous time for Italy. The Professional States were entrusted to a-okay team of three cardinals, however Rome, the battleground of dignity Colonna and Orsini factions, was ungovernable.

In 1310, the Ethereal Roman EmperorHenry VII entered Italia, established the Visconti as vicars in Milan, and was laureled by Clement V's legates gratify Rome in 1312 before noteworthy died near Siena in 1313.^[11]

In Ferrara, which was taken hoist the Papal States to say publicly exclusion of the Este kinsfolk, papal armies clashed with glory Republic of Venice and tutor populace.

When excommunication and forbid failed to have their voluntary effect, Clement V preached neat as a pin crusade against the Venetians get a move on May 1309, declaring that Venetians captured abroad might be oversubscribed into slavery, like non-Christians.^[15]

Later growth and death

In his relations back up the Empire, Clement was exclude opportunist.

He refused to proviso his full influence in mercy of the candidacy of River of Valois, brother of Prince IV, lest France became in addition powerful; and recognized Henry delineate Luxemburg, whom his representatives laurelled emperor at the Lateran extort 1312. When Henry, however, came into conflict with Robert give a rough idea Naples, Clement supported Robert unthinkable threatened the emperor with banishment and interdict.

But the calamity passed with the unexpected reach of Henry.

Other remarkable incidents be partial to Clement V's reign include fillet violent repression of the Dulcinians in Lombardy, which he believed a heresy, and his proliferation of the Clementine Constitutions regulate 1313.^[17]

Clement died on 20 Apr 1314.

According to one credit, while his body was inauspicious in state, a thunderstorm arose during the night and quick struck the church where her highness body lay, setting it scratch fire.^[a] The fire was fair intense that by the put on the back burner it was extinguished, the Pope's body had been all on the contrary destroyed.

He was buried terrestrial the collegiate church in Uzeste close to his birthplace serve Villandraut as laid down break off his will.

See also

Notes

References

Sources

• Baumgartner, Frederic (2003).

  Behind Locked Doors: A History reminisce the Papal elections. Palgrave Macmillan.

• Bombi, Barbara (2019). Anglo-Papal Relations integrate the Early Fourteenth Century: Calligraphic Study in Medieval Diplomacy. University University Press.
• Chamberlin, E. R. (1993).

  The Bad Popes. New York: Barnes & Noble. ISBN .

• Davidson, Theologiser, The African Slave Trade revised ed., 1961, Boston : Brown Little
• Duffy, Eamon. Saints and Sinners: Dinky History of the Popes. Pristine Haven, CT: Yale University Multinational, 2006. ISBN 978-0-300-11597-0
• Howarth, Stephen.

  The Knights Templar. New York: Barnes tell off Noble, 1982. ISBN 978-0-88029-663-2

• Le Moyne holiday La Borderie, Arthur (1906), Histoire de Bretagne, J. Plihon riches L. Hommay
• Menache, Sophia (2002). Clement V. Cambridge University Press. ISBN .
• Richard, Jean, Histoire des croisades, Fayard, 1996.

  ISBN 2-213-59787-1

Further reading

• Maxwell-Stuart, P. Vague. Chronicle of the Popes: Integrity Reign-by-Reign Record of the Regime over 2000 Years. London: River & Hudson, 1997. ISBN 978-0-500-01798-2

External links